The Watchmaker Argument in or out of Philosophy?

This opens up for philosophers a range of questions for discussion.

1) Is there an order to any discussion - see the attached flow chart
2) Is proof a necessary component of an argument to arrive at a valid position.
3) Does the use of analogies have any merit in determining anything or are they just tools of explanation?
4) Where does belief sit in philosophical discussion?
5) How does a belief differ from a hypothesis?